
For Russia, the territory of which is situated in different physiographic and climatic zones, and economic complex is distinguished by high degree of concentration of hazardous industries, the risk of anthropogenic accidents and natural disasters is particularly high. It is no coincidence that in our country almost for the first time in world practice, was created a special structure - the Ministry for civil defence, emergencies and elimination of consequences of natural disasters.
The beginning of the creation of structure - December 27, 1990, when it was the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On education of the Russian rescue corps on the rights of the state Committee of the RSFSR, and also the formation of a single state-public system of forecasting, prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations". The case was headed by Sergey Shoigu. This day - December 27 - in 1995, a presidential decree announced the Day of rescuer of the Russian Federation. 30 July 1991 the Russian rescue corps was transformed into the RSFSR State Committee for emergency situations, the Chairman of which was appointed Sergei Shoigu.
On November 19 the decree of the President of the RSFSR was established the State Committee for civil defence, emergencies and elimination of consequences of natural disasters under the President of the Russian Soviet Federative socialist Republic (RSFSR EMERCOM), President - S.K.Shoigu. The new Agency have combined forces and resources GCCs and civil defense Headquarters of the RSFSR Ministry of defense. On 10 January 1994 of the Russian EMERCOM was transformed into the Ministry of the Russian Federation for civil defence, emergencies and elimination of consequences of natural disasters (EMERCOM of Russia), Minister Sergei Shoigu. 9 December 1992 on the basis of former Higher Central courses for civil defense established the civil defence Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, unique, not having analogues in the world the educational institution.
December 21, 1994 adopted the law "On protection of population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character", which became the main instrument of control both in the field of prevention of emergency situations, risk reduction, and elimination of the consequences of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters. This act was the beginning of the legal framework of the Emergency service of Russia. 14 July 1995 was adopted the Federal law of the Russian Federation "On emergency rescue services and status of rescuers". The Law determines General legal and economic basis of creation and activity of emergency rescue services and emergency rescue formations on the territory of the Russian Federation, has secured the rights, obligations and responsibility of rescuers, determined the basis of the state policy in the field of legal and social protection of rescuers and other citizens of the Russian Federation, who took part in liquidation of consequences of emergency situations of natural and technogenic character.
In September 1995 an agreement was signed with the International civil defence organization about the opening of the Moscow regional centre of training specialists of civil defence Academy civil protection. The international rescue training center was opened on the seventh of may, 1996 in the suburban town of Noginsk. The status of the Centre as an international institution of humanitarian nature supported by the United Nations. Objectives of the Centre is to train rescue workers from different States using the methodology developed by the specialists of EMERCOM of Russia taking into account international experience, engaging learners of rescuers to participate in the exercises organized by the Ministry of emergency situations, and to rescue the real as an international reserve. The centre is equipped with the latest models of rescue vehicles and equipment, as well as the airmobile hospital of the Ministry of emergency situations. Graduates are awarded the qualification "the rescuer of the international class". EMERCOM of Russia - is a structure that the network covers almost the entire country. Equipping the rescuers are the most modern rescue technology. Russian rescuers have been trained in the best rescue services in the world, and some foreign specialists-rescuers came to Russia, the training Center of rescuers to learn from our experience of emergency response.
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